Medical Education Management

Online teaching quality evaluation of medical colleges based on structure-process-outcome theory model

Chen Xinyun, Zhang Chunhui, Liu Qijun, Liu Hui

2022, 8(4): 377-382. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.001

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, Internet+ online classroom has replaced offline classroom as the main front of education and teaching. In the long run, online and offline blended teaching, and online teaching are the basic trends of higher education reform and development. How to summarize the experience of online teaching and improve the quality of online teaching is an important concern of higher education. Based on the structure-process-outcome theoretical model, through the analysis of the questionnaire results of 4,487 students^, online learning and 415 teachers^, online teaching in a medical college during the epidemic period, the study found that the quality of hardware and software support conditions, teachers, learners was generally good, the quality of teaching preparation, teaching implementation, supervision and evaluation was generally stable, and the quality of teacher and student satisfaction was controversial. Accordingly, the author puts forward suggestions on improving structural elements and process elements of online teaching and strengthening positive feedback of result elements.

Construction and application of curriculum evaluation index system under the value orientation of “golden course” —taking Southern Medical University as an example

Liu Qijun, Tong Kuang, Zhang Chunhui, Wen Qing, Cai Pu

2022, 8(4): 383-389. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.002

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University curriculum is an important component of higher education. Scientific evaluation of curriculum plays an important role in improving the quality of higher education and promoting the connotative development of higher education. The theoretical connotation and construction standards of “golden course” provide new ideas for the evaluation and analysis of teaching effects of curriculum. By analyzing the value orientation of “golden course” and its enlightenment to curriculum evaluation, this paper constructs a curriculum evaluation index system under the value orientation of “golden course”, and applies it in Southern Medical University. It evaluates and analyzes the curriculum from four aspects: moral education, teaching resources, teaching methods, and comprehensive ability. Finally, it proposes strategies for optimizing and guaranteeing curriculum evaluation under the value orientation of “golden course”, and provides reference for exploring the effectiveness and quality of college courses.

Construction and application effects of classroom teaching evaluation index system under the value orientation of “golden course” —taking Southern Medical University as an example

Wen Qing, Tong Kuang, Zhang Chunhui, Liu Qijun, Cai Pu

2022, 8(4): 390-395. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.003

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Classroom teaching is the main channel and position of talent cultivation, and is the key link to implement the fundamental task of moral education and cultivating personnel in colleges and universities. Teaching evaluation is an important means of monitoring teaching quality to eliminate the “water course” and create the “golden course”. This paper summarizes the existing research results, combines the shortcomings of the original classroom teaching quality evaluation indexes of Southern Medical University, and establishes a classroom teaching evaluation system for the whole staff, the whole curriculum, and the whole process under the value guidance of “golden class”, so as to enhance the relevance of evaluation indexes and the evaluation participation, standardize the teaching process, and improve the classroom teaching quality.

Construction and practice of teaching performance evaluation index system in secondary colleges in higher education institutions—taking Southern Medical University as an example

Cai Pu, Wen Qing, Tong Kuang , Zhang Chunhui, Lv Shuangle, Yang Tingting, Wen Mingang

2022, 8(4): 396-401. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.004

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College is the main body of teaching work in higher education institutions and the implementer of higher education talent cultivation activities. Its teaching status directly reflects the teaching quality and school running level of higher education institutions, and determines the quality of connotation construction of colleges and universities. Establishing a comprehensive, objective and practical undergraduate teaching performance evaluation and incentive mechanism is the core to improve the overall teaching level of a university. Based on the scientific analysis of the necessity of establishing a long term mechanism for teaching performance evaluation in colleges and universities, this paper summarizes and draws on the existing research results and practical experiences, combines the practice of Southern Medical University, and discusses the specific problems of the construction of teaching performance evaluation index system in secondary colleges of universities.

Design and application of the integration of ideological and political education in curriculum into the ophthalmology curriculum based on BOPPPS model

Wu Mingxing, Zhou Yu

2022, 8(4): 402-405,411. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.005

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The integration of ideological and political content into the curriculum is a new educational form, and is an efficient and fundamental initiative to improve the quality of talent cultivation in colleges and universities. During the teaching process, it is an important task for current ophthalmology teaching to integrate ideological and political elements into the course, to train students to become the warm, kind-hearted ophthalmologists. BOPPPS is a student-centered teaching model with teaching objectives as the starting point, focusing on students^, active participation in teaching activities, and encouraging students to interact with each other so as to significantly improve the efficiency of classroom teaching. Based on the ideological and political teaching design of ophthalmology course in BOPPPS model, this article puts forward the general design idea and takes the chapter “Cataract” as an example, combines ideological and political content with professional training program. This article discusses the concrete implementation process of integrating ideological and political elements into teaching from six aspects: bridge in(B), objective/ outcome(O), pre-assessment(P1), participatory learning(P2), post-assessment(P3), summary(S), in order to provide reference for the ideological and political construction of ophthalmology curriculum, aiming to set an example of integrated class in medical universities.

Exploration and practice of ideological and political education in biochemistry based on cultivating excellent doctor

Peng Xiaoxia, Zhang Xiaowei

2022, 8(4): 406-411. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.006

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In recent years, ideological and political education in curriculum has been widely concerned by the Party, the country and the educational circles. How to integrate the ideological and political elements into the teaching of professional courses to achieve synergistic effect is a problem worthy of indepth consideration by teachers. Based on the plan of excellent doctor education and training, according to the rules of medical education and the cultivation objectives of medical students, combined with the characteristics of biochemistry teaching content, this paper focuses on exploring the ideological and political elements of biochemistry curriculum and establishing the database of ideological and political elements. In addition, this paper further discusses the implementation strategy of ideological and political education in biochemistry curriculum, and organically integrate curriculum ideological and political education into biochemistry teaching, so as to provide reference for the reform of ideological and political education in medical specialty.

Ideological and political education in the community health nursing course—based on students^, experience perspective

Gong Geyan, Zhu Zhuofei, Gao Wenying, Wang Qihui, Zhang Ying

2022, 8(4): 412-418. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.007

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Objective To explore the learning experience of nursing undergraduates on ideological and political content after completing the study of community health nursing. Methods The phenomenological research method of qualitative research was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on 20 nursing students, and the interview contents were managed, encoded and analyzed using MAXQDA software. Results Fifty concepts and nine categories were formed and summarized into five themes: the teaching purpose, the teaching method, the interest, the assessment of ideological and political content in community health nursing, and the cultivation of communication ability in community health nursing. Conclusion The course of community health nursing should attach importance to students^, learning experience, adopt flexible and diverse teaching methods, arouse students^, interest in learning, set reasonable assessment, carry out ideological and political practice activities, and continue to reform according to students^, feedback.

Synergistic effect between college students^, mental health and ideological and political education

Zhang Hui, Li Xue

2022, 8(4): 419-422,437. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.008

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This paper aims to promote the ideological and political construction of college students^, mental health education curriculum, strengthen the educational function of mental health education curriculum and improve college students^, political literacy. The significance of the integration of mental health and ideological and political education is discussed in detail. It is suggested that colleges and universities should promote the coordinated development of mental health education and ideological and political education by improving teachers^, moral awareness and ability, perfecting course evaluation mechanism, refining course content, making good use of positive psychology perspective, advocating scientific health view, updating teaching methods, and making use of network public opinion.

Exploration of blended teaching methods under the COVID-19 epidemic—taking medical imaging practice course as an example

Gong Tingting, Han Qinghe, Jin Longhai, Zhang Peng, Wang Jianqiu, Yuan Qinghai

2022, 8(4): 423-427. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.009

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Objective To explore the teaching effect of blended teaching method (including course education, case-based learning, online teaching) in medical imaging practice course. Methods Experimental control method was used in this study. Clinical medical students of Grade 2017 (“5+3” integration program) who attended the medical imaging practice course in the Second Hospital of Jilin University in December 2020 were divided into two groups according to their student numbers, with 31 students in each group. The order of student numbers is not related with the students^, age, gender and academic performance. There was no significant difference in gender and age between the two groups. All the students^, theoretical study has the same background, teaching period of 16 hours. The first group adopts the traditional teaching method, using multimedia and PowerPoint to give class instruction. The second group adopted the blended teaching method. Two groups of students^, clinical film-reading ability was tested, and the teaching effect was evaluated. Results The scores of film-reading ability test in the second group (92.78±9.68) were higher than those in the first group (75.23±20.57), and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion In the medical imaging practice course, the blended teaching method is helpful to improve the students^, clinical imaging reading level and clinical practice ability.

Practice of blended teaching based on training of integrative thinking in biochemistry and molecular biology

Qin Qiong, Wang Yamei, Yang Xiaomei, Liu Hua, Kong Lu

2022, 8(4): 428-432. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.010

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Objective To evaluate the effect of blended teaching based on the training of integrative thinking in biochemistry and molecular biology teaching. Methods A total of 28 students from five-year clinical medicine in Grade 2015 and 63 students of clinical medicine (including pediatrics, psychiatry) and pharmacy in Grade 2018 were recruited as two independent cohorts. Teaching in traditional classroom blended with online teaching which includes email and WeChat communication was introduced into the course of biochemistry and molecular biology for the training of medical integrative thinking. Results Compared with the students who studied with traditional teaching methods, the average score of the final examination for those students who took part in the training was higher than that of the whole class. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that the students highly appreciated the blended teaching method, and their learning interest, autonomous learning ability, integrative thinking ability of clinical medicine, and team cooperation ability were improved. Conclusion The application of blended teaching based on integrated thinking in biochemistry and molecular biology is feasible, and desirable teaching effect has been achieved. However, it still needs many conditions and investment to promote the implementation of blended teaching in medical colleges and universities.

Application of online and offline interactive teaching methods in standardized training for residents in radiation oncology department

Liu Zi, Zhang Qiying, Wang Juan, Zhang Jing

2022, 8(4): 433-437. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.011

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Objective To explore the application of online and offline interactive teaching methods in the standardized training for residents in radiation oncology department. Methods A total of 50 postgraduates and standardized students who received standardized training in the radiation oncology department of our hospital from January 2019 to June 2021 were enrolled. Students were randomly divided into experimental and control groups by random number table method, with 25 cases in each group. The experimental group received online and offline interactive teaching methods based on WeChat platform, while the control group received traditional teaching methods. The clinical skills, theoretical basis, comprehensive analysis ability, and satisfaction survey were compared between the two groups after training. Results The theoretical basis, clinical skills, and comprehensive analysis ability of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the degree of satisfaction in the experimental group was significantly improved, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of online and offline interactive teaching methods in the standardized training for residents in radiation oncology department can improve teaching quality and effectiveness, with good acceptance and satisfaction. It’s helpful and worth further promotion.

Application of CBL combined with neuro-navigation system in standardized training for residents in neurosurgery department

Bu Jiyuan, Yao Hui, Zhang Jian

2022, 8(4): 438-441,446. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.012

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Objective To analyze the role of CBL combined with multi-modality neuro-navigation system in standardized training for residents in neurosurgery department. Methods A total of 595 standardized training residents in neurosurgery department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from 2017 to 2020 were divided into traditional teaching group and CBL group. After completing the neurosurgery training, the test was carried out and the difference between the two groups was compared. Results The examination results of both the traditional teaching group and CBL group were improved after training, and CBL group with better results, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of CBL combined with multi-modality neuro-navigation system in standardized training for residents in neurosurgery department can match the requirements of the training center, effectively solve the difficulties of neuroimaging teaching process, improve the examination results of the students, and make the students have stronger clinical thinking ability.

Application of 3D digital system combined with CBL teaching in hepatobiliary surgery department

Zhang Hanjing, Liu Junjie, Chen Wenkang, Cao Hui, Liu Bo, Li Qian, Chen Guodong

2022, 8(4): 442-446. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.013

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Objective To explore the application effect of 3D digital system combined with CBL teaching in hepatobiliary surgery teaching. Methods The class of 2017 clinical practice students from the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China were divided into two groups, with 50 students in each group. The experimental group adopted the 3D digital model system + CBL combined teaching mode, while the control group adopted the traditional teaching mode. The final assessment was conducted by theoretical and practical examination results and questionnaire survey. Results The practical score was higher than the control group in experimental group (P＜0.05), but theoretical score was no significant difference (P>0.05). Learning interest, learning initiative, clinical knowledge understanding and hepatobiliary anatomy identification of the experimental group were all higher than the control group (P<0.05). The scores of teaching satisfaction including teaching content, teaching interest, teaching effect, teaching form and students^, interest mobilization were better than those of the control group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in teaching attitude, teacher accomplishment, pre-class preparation, classroom expression and teacher accomplishment (P>0.05). Conclusion CBL teaching mode assisted by 3D digital model system has good teaching effect in clinical teaching of hepatobiliary surgery, which is worth popularizing.

Application and evaluation of PBL teaching focusing on leadership development in gynecology teaching

Liu Qing, Tang Huadong

2022, 8(4): 447-451,472. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.014

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Objective To explore the effect of PBL teaching focusing on leadership development in gynecology teaching. Methods A total of 100 students majoring in department of health management and medical experimental technology from Capital Medical University who practiced in gynecology in our hospital in 2020 and 2021, were selected and randomly divided into experimental group (50 cases, using PBL teaching) and control group (50 cases, using LBL teaching) by double-blind method. The course completion scores and course evaluation of the two groups were compared. Results The score and comprehensive ability of problem analyzing and solving in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). According to the grouping of entry scores higher than 80 (including 80) and lower than 80, the end-of-study scores of the experimental group was also significantly higher than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion PBL teaching focusing on leadership development helps to improve students^, academic performance and comprehensive ability, and is effective for top students and can achieve good results among non-top students as well.

Application of information technology and experimental curriculum integration in basic medical education

Xu Yan, Li Pei, Zhang Shanfeng

2022, 8(4): 452-455,478. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.015

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Taking the experimental teaching reform of Basic Medical College， Zhengzhou University as an example, through establishing the projects of virtual simulation experiment of functional science, digital intelligent laboratory, digital interactive laboratory of morphology and network informatization teaching platform, modern network information technology is deeply integrated with medical laboratory education courses to realize the network informatization reform of traditional medical laboratory course teaching, and the advantages and shortcomings of the teaching mode of “Internet+medical education” are explained to provide reference for medical universities to form a perfect and standardized digital informatization medical laboratory teaching mode.

From fundamental to professional experiments—understanding pharmacy in experiments

Zhang Jiyi, Feng Qiqi, Jiang Xueyun

2022, 8(4): 456-460. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.016

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The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University cultivates pharmacy students with self-designed experimental courses. Following the process of the experimental course, arrange corresponding theoretical courses reasonably which can deepen students^, theoretical knowledge gradually. Students can learn to understand different knowledge at different stages of the experimental courses, achieving the effect that practice and theoretical learning promote each other and complement each other.

Training needs and strategies of teaching ability for clinical teachers in teaching hospitals

Li Huaye, Zhang Xiaoli, Chai Yong, Mu Xinbo, Xiao Xiaofei, Zhang Weiwei, Li Yanuo, Yan Peng, Zhang Jiajing, Bai Xianyong

2022, 8(4): 461-466. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.017

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Objective To describe the teaching ability and training needs and to generate effective training strategies of clinical teachers in teaching hospitals. Methods A self-designed pre-test questionnaire for clinical teachers^, teaching skills training was used to survey 110 clinical teachers in teaching hospitals of a medical school, and 108 valid questionnaires were returned. Results In classroom teaching, clinical teachers had a low understanding of bridge-in and objective, and paid more attention to the interaction with students, but the interaction form was single. The demand of clinical teachers for all kinds of teaching ability is above 60%, with teaching design ability and teaching research ability being the highest. Conclusion Clinical teachers are less familiar with teaching design and teaching process, and have higher expectations and demands for teaching ability improvement. Therefore, medical colleges should attach great importance to the teaching ability training of teachers in teaching hospitals, and design training activities innovatively according to the training objectives, the characteristics, and the training needs.

Effectiveness and influencing factors of online teaching in general medicine courses from teachers’ perspective

Wang Feiyue, Pan Zhaolu, Shao Shuang, Lu Xiaoqin

2022, 8(4): 467-472. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.018

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Objective To investigate the effectiveness and influencing factors of online teaching in general medicine courses from the perspective of teachers. Methods The instructors of 14 colleges and universities in the east, middle and west of China who conducted online teaching of general medicine courses were selected and surveyed by a self-designed questionnaire. Results A total of 52 teachers participated in this survey. More than half (51.9%) of the teachers believe that online teaching is not as effective as offline. Teachers from the eastern region have higher evaluations of teaching effectiveness than those in the western region (OR=11.803, 95%CI 1.229-113.354, P=0.032). Teachers perceived that the main reason for the effectiveness of online teaching was the lack of student self-discipline (3.77 ± 0.807). The most common difficulties in teachers^, online teaching were in proficiency in using the course platform or software (55.8%), teaching design and organization (55.8%), and teaching interaction design and implementation (55.8%). Conclusion The overall effect of online teaching of general practice courses needs to be improved, and there are inter-regional differences in teaching effects. Corresponding measures should be taken to optimize the content and process of online teaching and reduce inter-regional differences.

Medical students^, demands for death education—taking Beijing as an example

Zhang Jingyi, Kou Nannan

2022, 8(4): 473-478. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.019

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Death education has aroused heated discussion in education, psychology, ethics and other disciplines, and has been well developed in theory and practice in Western countries. With its widely disseminated, death education has gradually attracted the attention of domestic scholars. More and more scholars pay attention to and realize the significance of death education in theory and social practice, yet the death education system is relatively weak in China. Using questionnaires as basic methods and medical students in Beijing as research object, this paper analyzes medical students^, death education demands in medical university, explores the proposed measures for the curriculum of death education, makes recommendations for courses, and discusses the importance of death education for the development of hospice care.

Management of hospital volunteers in the context of emergency public health events

Jiang Tingting, Li Peiwei, Lin Run, Yang Ruoning, Yan Siyu, Zhang Lie

2022, 8(4): 479-484. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.020

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The outbreak of COVID-19 has had a huge impact on China and the world. In the context of social and economic development and the elimination of geographic isolation, emergency public health incidents have brought greater challenges. As the first-line institutions for patient care in emergency public health events, hospitals have limited resource reserves to meet the surge in demand for medical care. Hospital volunteers, as a supplement in such a situation, can alleviate this conflict to a certain extent. There is currently no domestic or international approach to hospital volunteer management in the context of emergency public health events. This study bases on the COVID-19 and explores how to improve the effectiveness of hospital volunteers in emergency public health incidents and how to better serve patients.

Problems and suggestions in the application management of medical science and technology award

Yue Hualan, Li Xiaolu, Li Wei, Wu Tao, Wu Guanghui, Yu Yang, Zhang Hongjia

2022, 8(4): 485-488. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.021

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The application of scientific and technological achievements award (hereinafter referred to as “award”) is an important part of the scientific research management. In order to improve the award application in the hospital and to provide better service to the scientific researchers, this paper analyzed and summarized the problems in the award application process, including insufficient attention of scientific researchers, improper application timing and low quality of application written materials. This paper aims to solve these problems and provide reference for the improvement and perfection of the management of hospital scientific and technological achievements. In response to these problems, this paper puts forward management suggestions such as clarifying the service objectives to assist the application team in preparations, improving the professionalism of the management department and creating a long-term driving mechanism, aiming to provide reference for the improvement and perfection of the management of scientific and technological achievements in hospitals.

Application of refined management of SCI scientific papers in hospitals—visualization analysis based on bibliometrics

Zhang Quan, Meng Sha, Tao Mingling, Luo Na

2022, 8(4): 489-495. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.022

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Objective To explore the significance and value of refined management of SCI scientific papers in hospitals in improving the quantity and quality of scientific papers. Methods Based on the issue time and characteristics of the management measures for hospital scientific papers, the period 2011-2020 is divided into four stages: 2011-2014 “rough”, 2015-2016 “simple”, 2017-2018 “performance” and 2019-2020 “refined”. Using the Web of Science (WOS) core database as the data source, we retrieved SCI scientific papers published from 2011 to 2020 with Beijing You’an Hospital，Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Hepatology as the first published address. The number, impact, and thematic evolution of scientific papers were visualized by bibliometrics software. Results A total of 618 articles and review scientific papers were included in WOS from 2011 to 2020. The average number of scientific papers published in 2011-2014 was 32, in 2015-2016 was 53, in 2017-2018 was 71, and 2019-2020 was 112. From 2011 to 2020, there has 13 scientific papers with Normalized Total Citations (NTC) >5, including 4 in 2011-2014, 5 in 2017-2018, and 4 in 2019-2020. The thematic evolution analysis shows hepatitis B virus, liver failure, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and AIDS are the major subjects through 2011 to 2020. The research was mainly focused on clinical in 2011-2014 “rough” phase and 2015-2016 “simple” phase. The clinical and mechanism research were integrated in 2017-2018 “performance” phase and 2019-2020 “refined” phase, and the research area was expanded to multiple disciplines. Conclusion The refined management of scientific papers has promoted the improvement of the number and influence of scientific papers in hospitals, enhanced the scientific research ability and innovation level of hospitals, and promoted the development of dominant subjects and cross integration of multiple subjects in hospitals.

SHAMPOO mode of student management in public emergencies from the perspective of system management theory

Wang Ting, Wan Wenhui, Ji Caishuo, Mei Xueling

2022, 8(4): 496-501. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.023

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Objective To develop the emergency management mode of students for public emergencies, improve the emergency management system of colleges and universities, and standardize the management of students during the period of public emergencies. Methods The emergency management mode of students for public emergencies was developed after combining with literature research and the management experience of students during the COVID-19 epidemic based on the system management theory. Results “SHAMPOO Student Management Mode” was put forward in this paper for emergency management in public emergencies, which consists of 7 major elements of Study, Health, Appeal, Movement, Protection, Organization, and Order, and 17 sub-elements. Conclusion This mode can be adopted for colleges to formulate student management plans and analyze and solve problems in the public emergency, thus improving the ability of colleges to comprehensively prevent major risks in the student management.

Ruan Junbin1, Zhao Xuemin2, Luo Jinyan3

Ruan Junbin, Zhao Xuemin, Luo Jinyan

2022, 8(4): 502-510. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2022.04.024

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Objective The design and implementation of a series of medical post-editing courses is to cultivate the ability of document interpretation of clinical medical students. By means of cultivating both professional knowledge, language skills and editing skills, this course seeks to promote their understanding of the existence of life, and effectively stimulate the guidance of professional values and the cognitive function of regression through the process of interpreting professional literature to realize the education of professional values for clinical medical students by new machine translation technology. Methods A total of 100 clinical medical students who participated in the post-editing course were evaluated on the value orientation of academic application, humanistic value by the M-MTPE units, and professional ethics in editing medical literature according to the value vector of the incomprehensible literature as the standard. Judging from the teaching experiments effects, the evaluation indicators of students have been improved on the original basis by PBL or CBL teaching methods. Conclusion With the professional needs of cultivating clinical medical students, as well as Steiner^,s translation theory^,s process of interpreting documents (trust, invasion, absorption and compensation) as the principle, in accordance with ISO^,s international standards for post-editing, the TACTICS-M-MTPE training will be structured as a framework model to explore the path of cultivating clinical medical students with correct values of medical post-editing ability.

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