Medical Education Management

Reform and practice of “medicine & education, school & government, home & school” collaborative education model in rural-oriented tuition-waived medical students

Shao Zhujian, Li Chunming, He Zhixu, Liu Jianguo, Ge Zhenglong, Zhou Wanjin, Qin Xiaolong, Gao Yang, Wang Yaohui, Xiao Xue, Yu Changyin, Chen Qi, Wu Wenjun, Dai Yuanlin, Fan Tengyang

2020, 6(3): 189-193. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.001

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The National Healthcare System aims to meet the basic medical needs, raise the level of basic medical insurance, build the mechanism, strengthen the weak points, more importantly, cultivate GP(general practitioners). The cultivation of rural-oriented tuition-waived medical students is a good way to strengthen the team of rural doctors. In this paper, we innovated the collaborative education model of "medicine & education, school & government, home & school" of rural-oriented tuition-waived medical students, aiming to cultivate high-quality applied medical talents who settle down in Guizhou province and serve the grassroots, as well as set an example from Zunyi Medical University and practical experience for the cultivation of national oriented medical students.

Clinical practice of “three-level, one-center” integrated model for rural-oriented tuition-waived medical students

Gao Yang, Li Chunming, Yu Changyin, Ge Zhenglong, Qin Xiaolong, Zhou Wanjin, Shao Zhujian, Wang Yaohui, Xiao Xue, Chen Qi, Zhang Yi, Zhang Di

2020, 6(3): 194-197，210. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.002

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Clinical practice is an important part of medical education to cultivate students’ clinical competence. According to the competency requirements of primary level medical and health post, rural-oriented tuition-waived medical students training deepened the reform of clinical practice and teaching and established a “three-level, one-center” integrated model of clinical practice, striving to cultivate the preliminary clinical competence and fundamental skills of general practice of medical students, and to lay a solid foundation for their future work as general practitioners. It also guaranteed the homogeneity of clinical practice and teaching through establishing a teaching quality monitoring system linked to clinical practice under the methods of “unification of four steps” and “five main programs”

Practice of the second classroom program for rural-oriented tuition-waived medical students

Qin Xiaolong, Li Chunming, Ge Zhenglong, Gao Yang, Shao Zhujian, Wang Yaohui

2020, 6(3): 198-201，214. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.003

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In accordance with the standard of rural order-directed medical students training mode reform experimental base, we implemented excellent doctor education program to lay a solid foundation for basic medical and health services and to improve their comprehensive practical ability. They are required to study in the second classroom program, including establishing health archives, screening for disease types, autonomous learning with teachers' guidance, health management, family visits , and information maintenance for the residents.

Multidimensional evaluation on medical and educational cooperation for collaborative education model in rural-oriented tuition-waived medical students ——exampled by Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University

Fan Tengyang, Xiao Xue, Chen Qi, Yu Changyin, Li Chunming, Ge Zhenglong, Shao Zhujian

2020, 6(3): 202-205. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.004

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The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University comprehensively practice collaboration between medicine and education to promote three years’ standardized training for residents of rural-oriented tuition-waived medical students after graduating. Targeted by job competency, we optimize the curriculum system, complete the procedure of assessment and management, put double tutor teaching into practice, and conduct a multidimensional evaluation system to cultivate our students. Focusing on the “prevention, healthcare function, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, health management” and other necessary goals for eligible general practitioners, we have formed a characteristic standardized training model for general residents to serve primary-level medical and health institutions for more “hardworking, stable and useful health gatekeepers” residents.

Implications and challenges of education in public health ethics for the disease prevention and control system

Liang Lizhi

2020, 6(3): 206-210. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.005

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In the context of the national public health reform, education in public health ethics should become one of the important pillars of the disease prevention and control system. Ethics education in public health can cultivate people's moral characters, responsibilities and ethical decision-making competences, and ensure the rational design and implementation of the disease prevention and control system, to deal with the ethical dilemma in the public health practice. Ethics education in public health should be extended from the training of medical and health personnel to the cultivation of citizen health literacy, with different educational goals for the different groups. However, there still exist some practical challenges from the external education environment and the internal research insufficient in public health ethics.

Legal consideration on requisitioning masks in Dali city under the epidemic situation

Zhao Xiaopei

2020, 6(3): 211-214. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.006

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During the severe COVID-19 outbreak, Dali City, Yunnan Province requisitioned the surgical masks that were transported via the city. This paper makes a systematic analysis of the incident from the legal aspect. It argued that the behavior of obtaining masks in Dali city is requisition, not eminent domain; the behavior has public interest, but it violates the legitimate rights of other provinces and causes serious adverse social impact; Dali city has jurisdiction over masks in its own administrative area, but masks are public goods and cannot be the object of requisition. It is illegal to requisite surgical masks in Dali.

Research on the institution of announcing epidemic situation through we media

Ma Hui

2020, 6(3): 215-219. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.007

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Since the outbreak of COVID-19, much epidemic information has been released from the we media. It is difficult to prohibit the above-mentioned acts, and there is no need to prohibit them. The publication system of epidemic information stipulated in the law on the prevention and control of infectious diseases is as follows: the health administrative department under the State Council has the obligation to publish epidemic information to the society, but does not prohibit other subjects from publishing all kinds of legitimate information related to the epidemic situation. When the we media deliberately fabricate or confuse the epidemic information or spread the epidemic information knowingly false, the information enters the public domain and the information is spread within a certain scope and causes serious consequences, the information publisher or disseminator shall bear legal responsibility.

Review of social media information overload and possible countermeasures under COVID-19 epidemic situation

Ding Xinfang

2020, 6(3): 220-224. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.008

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Information overload is defined as the experience of feeling burdened by large amounts of information received too fast to be processed or used effectively. Under COVID-19 epidemic situation, not only the epidemic per se may influence individuals’ mental health, prolonged exposure to excessive, repetitive, dubious and variously sourced information via social media may also lead to maladjusted cognitional, emotional or behavioral reactions. This review summarizes the influences and the causes of information overload and concludes the possible countermeasures based on recent studies.

Reconstruction the academic degree system of medical education in China to meet the needs of development

Lei Liping, Wu Yan, Li Wenbin, Lu Xiaoqin, Wang Songling

2020, 6(3): 225-230. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.009

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The COVID-19 has prompted the community to examine and to reflect on the future reform of medical education in China with a more forward-looking and scientific attitude. Problems in the current academic degree system of medical education include the coexistence of multiple academic degrees, the long training process, and the urgent need to optimize the training connotation. Compared with the medical education models of the United States, Britain and Japan, China should establish unified medical education system and independent degrees in medical education. Based on the current “5+3” medical education model in China, we should further unify the degree system of medical education and promote the reform program initiated by the government named ‘new medical education’ with the “5+3” integration project. The connotation, objectives and teaching methods of medical education should be systematically adjusted, optimized and reformed in the 8-year overall school system, and the degree system should be further unified. The “5+3” integration project and 8-year project should be granted to the independently established medical doctor's degree (MD), which would enhance the attractiveness of medical education to talented students and would be more conductive to the training of medical talents with multi-disciplinary background and global competitiveness.

Construction of sustainable training system of general practice in China

Lu Xiaoqin, Du Juan, Wu Yan, Lei Liping, Li Wenbin, Wu Hao, Wang Songling

2020, 6(3): 231-238. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.010

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The workforce of general practitioners (GPs) is the core component and cornerstone of primary care system, which is essential for the development of family doctor contract model and the tiered health care system to maintain and promote the people’s health. This article analyzed the challenges in building up the GP workforce from the perspective of medical training. Proposals were provided on the integration of GP training in the“5+3”long-term clinical medicine education as follows: ① The integration of GP training in the“5+3”long-term education is mainly oriented to training qualified GPs; ② The 3-year GP residency training in the“5+3”long-term education will focus on learning knowledge and clinical skills relevant to general practice; ③ Academic development of general practice and policy guidelines should be promoted to increase the proportion of medical students who choose GP residency training; ④ Reform in the degree system of clinical medicine education should be facilitated to simplify the channel of clinical degree application in residency training. Doctor of medicine (MD) might be conferred upon completion of GP residency training and achievement of medical practice license. For trainees who have special interest in research in general practice, further education to promote research skills for pursuing doctor of philosophy (PhD) can be provided. Competencies in special areas based on the patients’ needs and the GP’s interest can be developed through continuing medical education.

Empirical study on the setting and adjustment of undergraduate majors in local medical college ——Taking Guilin Medical University as example

Bai Ling, Liang Yingyin, Li Qian, Li Li, Zhang Zhiyong

2020, 6(3): 239-245. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.011

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This paper compared the sample data of local medical colleges, analyzed the existing problems in undergraduate major settings. We put forward implementation paths of major adjustment and optimization, based on the current situation of major settings in Guilin Medical University, aiming to promote the construction of high-level undergraduate education and to better serve the construction of Healthy China and local economy as well as social construction.

Thoughts on the training of medical talents after the major public health crisis

Xie Qianchi, Li Jisheng

2020, 6(3): 246-250. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.012

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The importance of the medical rescue is reflected in COVID-19 major public health crisis, with unprecedented human, material and financial cost, huge social cost, also with secondary medical unfavorable impact on many innocent patients. Medical workers bear the brunt of the epidemic and play a key role in the fight against COVID-19. However, the epidemic also exposed some problems in medical professional training. How to strengthen the public's awareness of prevention rather than treatment? How to change the focus of medical students' training accordingly? How to improve the number of medical students and the quality of enrollment? These are problems worthy of further consideration by medical educators.

Research and practice of clinical teaching homogeneity in medical education

Wang Jingjing, Zhao Lili, Xian Fuhua

2020, 6(3): 251-254，262. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.013

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Homogenization of clinical teaching is a common concern in medical education and directly related to doctors’ professional level. This paper discusses the significance and realization of homogenization in clinical medical teaching. Taking Capital Medical University as an example, it was discussed how to realize homogenization of clinical teaching. We hope, together with medical educators, to explore the realm of sustainable development of clinical teaching homogeneity.

Thoughts of COVID-19 epidemic in diagnostics teaching

Gao Yixing, Wang Zhongyu, Jia Qingzhu

2020, 6(3): 255-258. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.014

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At the turn of the 21st century, we had a deeper understanding of the new severe infectious diseases after experiencing the major epidemics such as SARS, Ebola and Zika, and made a great breakthrough in the prevention and treatment of these major diseases, which effectively guaranteed the health and safety of human beings. However, sudden outbreak of COVID-19 poses challenges for all levels of government, public health system, clinical diagnosis and treatment in China. Timely and rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 is the prerequisite and basis for precise prevention and treatment. Based on the teaching and clinical experience in the locality, we combined the frontline clinical experiences in Wuhan think deeply in diagnostics teaching.

Application of hospital′s clinical skills training center in improving infectious disease prevention skills of medical staff in fight against COVID-19 ——a case study of the Fifth Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University

Xie Zhaqing, Dai Ying, Kong Xuhui, Gu Qiaoping , Zhu Li

2020, 6(3): 259-262. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.015

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After the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic at the end of 2019, in order to combat the epidemic and to ensure the safety of medical staff, our hospital carried out special training on infectious disease prevention skills against COVID-19. In the clinical skills training center, simulated isolation wards were set up according to "three districts and two channels", and special training courses for the prevention and control of infectious diseases were developed for all medical staff, especially front-line medical staff to practice infectious disease prevention skills, both within and without of the isolation ward, as well as other projects scene training and actual combat training. By carrying out this work, it quickly and effectively improved the infectious disease protection skills of medical staff, the proficiency and accuracy of clinical operation under protection, and achieved the goal of "zero infection" while with better patient treatment. At the same time, it also explained the necessity and importance of setting up a simulated isolation ward and infectious disease protection skills courses in the clinical skills training center, and bringing them into the regular training and assessment.

Application of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in medical teaching

Ma Lina, Li Yun

2020, 6(3): 263-268. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.016

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Medical students face complex human structures and clinical diseases during busy clinical apprenticeships and internships. They have to study and observe for long time and need guidance from experienced teachers before they can gradually understand and apply their knowledge. The traditional teaching method is less effective in training clinical thinking ability and stimulating the learning interest. New teaching methods are needed to improve teaching efficiency. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is based on a virtual or computer-generated 3D model. We first layer the model, then use the 3D printer for layer methods of manufacturing items for medical students to learn complex human anatomy and tissue. The use of 3D printing technology in medical teaching provides medical students with a realistic impression of the complex human structures, and helps their study, medical implants and preoperative planning. This article focuses on the application of 3D technology in medical teaching.

Exploration and construction of online and offline integrated teaching modes in pharmaceutics of traditional Chinese medicine

Yan Hong, Xia Xinhua, Lei Zhijun, Gui Hui, Zhou Lili

2020, 6(3): 269-273. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.017

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With the current development of information technology, the integrated teaching mode of online teaching and offline classroom teaching has a significant effect on arousing students' enthusiasm, cultivating independent learning ability, and enhancing classroom interaction. This paper analyzes the current situation and problems of the teaching Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicine in our university, puts forward the necessities of developing online and offline combined teaching mode, and elaborates the specific implementation strategies, which can provide useful information for teaching reform in Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Research on the training path of young Marxists —— a case study of Capital Medical University

Hu Zhengjuan, Wang Ting, Li Shuang, Liu Fang

2020, 6(3): 274-277，284. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.018

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The training of young Marxists is a great systematic project, but it faces three difficulties: young college students do not study Marxist classics systematically; they do not combine theory with practice closely, and the training of young Marxists lacks of continuity. Taking Capital Medical University as an example, this paper introduces the training practice of young Marxists on the basis of "respect for classics", "theory foundation","social survey", "youth pioneer" and "talent relay". It can be used for reference to solve the problems of true learning, true application and true faith.

Analysis of current situation and influencing factors of ideological and political quality within medical students from the perspective of ideological and political theories teaching in all courses

Dong Bin, Wu Yan, Wu Ping, Xu Huili, Zhao Lili

2020, 6(3): 278-284. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.019

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Objective　This study aims to advance the ideological and political education reform in medical school, to fully understand the current situation and influencing factors of medical students’ ideological and political quality, and to figure out the problems on students’ ideological and political quality and its comprehensive development, providing referential basis for the reform of ideological and political education. Method　In February 2020, questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the current situation and influencing factors of ideological and political quality of 2145 undergraduates in a medical school. The ideological and political quality involves 5 major aspects: national policy; national identity and social responsibility; career interest and professional development; professional ethics and legal awareness; humanistic quality and scientific spirit. Results　The average score of ideological and political quality of medical students is 4.20±0.77. The students’ scores in five aspects of the ideological and political quality are statistically significant (P <0.05). The scores of national identity and social responsibility are the highest, and the scores in career interest and professional development are the lowest. Single factor analyses of the overall ideological and political quality in medical students indicate that factors such as grade, major, whether they are student cadres, whether their university and majors are chosen by themselves, and whether their current majors are their desired choice are statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion　The overall ideological and political quality remains to be improved and career interest and professional development education should be the priority in ideological and political education. The ideological and political education is supposed to follow the educational pattern and take into consideration of the evolving characteristics of medical education with scientific and systemic approach, designing the ideological and political education pathway in a gradual and orderly manner.

Reference to innovative methods of medical teaching in University of Maryland

Li Xiangzi, Zhang Yao

2020, 6(3): 285-289. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.020

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This paper takes University of Maryland as an example and introduces the current teaching innovation method of basic medicine and clinical medicine in the United States. Through analysis and comparison, we combined with the current situation of China's higher medical education, put forward some suggestions for the reform of China's medical education from five aspects: the value-oriented medical education, the teaching staff, the curriculum system, teaching methods and the evaluation system, which will present references for the medical education peers.

Influencing factors of inpatient satisfaction in a grade-3 class-A hospital in Beijing

Yang Yue, Cai Weixin, Zhang Yongqin

2020, 6(3): 290-296. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.021

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Objective　To evaluate the inpatients’ satisfaction in a grade-3 class-A hospital in Beijing and to explore the possible influencing factors. Methods　A questionnaire survey was used to collect the satisfaction information of 300 inpatients in this hospital, and statistical analysis was performed. Results　The satisfaction rate of inpatients was 89.24%, and the overall satisfaction rate was 93.48%. The basic information of inpatients has no significant impact on the satisfaction rate of the 6 dimensions of physician-patient communication, medication communication, responsibility, waiting time, hospital meals and discharge instructions. Satisfaction scores of physician-patient communication, medication communication, and responsibility dimensions are high, 79.83%, 75.97%, and 80.25%, respectively. Hospital meals and waiting time are key issues that hospitals need to focus on improving patient experience. Conclusion　The hospital should establish a more effective health care communication, optimize existing medical procedures, reasonably arrange checking period to reduce patients’ waiting time, and improve the diet and dietary service of the hospital.

Evolution of drug registration classification and innovation of China′s drug supervision concept ——Comparison of new and old Drug Registration Regulations

Guo Xiangyu

2020, 6(3): 297-303. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.022

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The current classification of the latest drug registration not only reflects the international standards, but also pays attention to the difference between chemical drugs and biological products. More importantly, it takes into account China's national conditions and the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine. The new registration classification system will definitely improve the level of China's drug registration management, and balance the interests of original drug companies, generic drug companies, patients and all parties in the society, and will play an important role in guiding and promoting the healthy development of China's pharmaceutical industry.

Research on the shared performance evaluation index system of large-scale instruments and equipment in medical universities

Zhang Ying, Wu Ping

2020, 6(3): 304-309. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.023

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Objective　To establish a shared performance evaluation index system for large-scale instruments and equipment in medical universities with simple operation methods and reliable analysis results, combined with the current status of the management and use of large-scale instruments and equipment in medical universities. Methods　Literature research, questionnaire survey, personal in-depth interview and other research methods were employed. Starting from the basic principles of evaluation work, this paper uses Delphi method combined with boundary value method, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to design each dimension, evaluation index and weight, finally through the combination of qualitative and quantitative method to establish a simple operation method, reliable results of large-scale instruments and equipment open sharing evaluation index system. Results　We construct a large-scale instruments and equipment shared performance evaluation index system for medical universities including 4 first-level indexes, 9 second-level indexes, and 20 third-level indexes. Conclusion　The large-scale instruments and equipment shared performance evaluation index system constructed by Delphi and AHP can objectively reflect the actual use benefits of large-scale instruments and equipment, and provide a basis for optimizing the management system and sharing mechanism of large-scale instruments and equipment.

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