Abstract: Objective To analyze the relevant factors affecting online learning of college students in China and propose feasible optimization strategies. Methods CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP (self-built database until November 1, 2018) as data sources, a systematic cross-database search was conducted for the literature related to the influencing factors of online learning for college students in China. Results A total of 93 references were included and 8 high-frequency keywords were extracted, including learning process, learning effectiveness, learning motivation, learning effect, independent learning,online course, self-efficacy and learning behavior. The influencing factors of online learning for college students are mainly divided into internal factors and external factors, and the cumulative frequency is 249 times (52.0%) and 230 times (48.0%),respectively. Conclusion The influencing factors of online learning for college students in China are multifaceted and multi-dimensional. Comprehensive measures should be taken to optimize it.