医学教育管理 ›› 2025, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (4): 476-482.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2025.04.017

• 调查研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

医学生社会实践探索结核病多学科身心健康综合照料模式研究

肖春风,  王在然,  李秋桐,  王淦淦,  李硕峰,  高思豪,  汪鹏,  张海鹏,  王泽源,  黄鹂,  阳洪波,  秦岭*   

  1. 中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院 北京协和医院,北京 100730
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-05 出版日期:2025-08-20 发布日期:2025-10-13
  • 通讯作者: 秦岭 E-mail:qinlingpumch@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    北京协和医学院校级教师课程思政教学项目(2024kcsz011)

Preliminary exploration of establishing a multi-disciplinary biopsychosocial care model for tuberculosis in China

Xiao Chunfeng, Wang Zairan, Li Qiutong, Wang Gangan, Li Shuofeng, Gao Sihao, Wang Peng, Zhang Haipeng, Wang Zeyuan, Huang Li, Yang Hongbo, Qin Ling*   

  1. Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
  • Received:2025-03-05 Online:2025-08-20 Published:2025-10-13

摘要: 目的 探讨形成我国结核病多学科身心健康综合照料模式(tuberculosis multi-disciplinary biopsychosocial care model, TB-MBCM)的必要性、基础需求和关键要点。方法 在文献复习评估现状后,采用混合研究设计就目标主题进行混合研究,即对一线医务人员的问卷调研,以及对医务人员和患者的半结构化定性访谈。结果 在经常与结核病患者接触的医务人员中,96.0%的受访者认为有必要建立TB-MBCM,强调在与患者沟通中应关注感染预防、治疗方案解释以及提供心理支持等方面。医务人员普遍报告职业体验欠佳,医患关系存在一定困难,主要表现为患者治疗依从性差、对疾病和治疗缺乏理解等。在定性访谈中,受访的医务工作者建议通过增加耐心、多与患者沟通、加强心理和人文关怀等方式改善医患关系、促进结核病多学科整合治疗。在患者方面,部分患者报告了负性情绪和病耻感,对疾病对心理健康的影响认识不足,对于TB-MBCM的必要性看法不一。结论 在政策支持下,整合多学科资源,进一步完善TB-MBCM的构建和实施路径,同时有助于提升医学生职业素养。

关键词: 结核病, 治疗, 医学生, 社会实践, 精神心理健康, 多学科, 照料, 模式

Abstract: Objective To explore the necessity, basic requirements, and key elements for establishing a multi-disciplinary biopsychosocial care model for tuberculosis (TB-MBCM) in China.Methods After reviewing the literature and assessing the current situation, they adopted a mixed research design to carry out a mixed study on the target theme, which included a questionnaire survey of frontline medical staff and semi-structured qualitative interviews with medical staff and patients.Results Among healthcare providers, 96.0% recognized the need for a TB-MBCM. They emphasized the importance of infection control, explaining treatment plans clearly, and offering psychological support in patient interactions. The majority of healthcare providers reported suboptimal professional experiences, particularly regarding the doctor-patient relationship which had always been hindered by poor treatment adherence and patients' limited understanding of TB and its treatment. In the qualitative interviews, medical staff suggested improving the doctor-patient relationship by increasing patience, enhancing communication, and strengthening psychological and humanistic care. On the patient side, some reported negative emotions and feelings of stigma, with insufficient awareness of the disease's impact on mental health. Opinions among patients on the necessity of TB-MBCM varied.Conclusion Under policy support, multidisciplinary resources should be integrated to further refine the construction and implementation pathways of TB-MBCM, ultimately improving the overall health outcomes for TB patients.

Key words: tuberculosis, treatment, medical students, social practice, mental health, multidisciplinary, care, model

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