3D打印技术在医学教学中的应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2020.03.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 医学生需要临床见习和实习，由于临床专科学习时间较短，医学生面对复杂的人体结构和临床疾病时，需要经过较长时间的学习观摩和经验丰富的教师指导才能逐步理解、运用所学知识。传统教学方式在训练临床思维能力和激发学习兴趣上的效果偏低，需要开拓新型的教学方式和手段来提高教学效率。三维（threedimensional,3D）打印技术是基于虚拟或计算机生成的三维模型，经过对此模型的分层处理，然后使用3D 打印机进行逐层叠加的制造方式制造物品，对于医学生学习人体复杂的解剖结构和组织有很大的帮助。利用3D打印技术在医学教学中为医学生提供了对于人体复杂结构的现实印象，并且有助于学习人体结构、医疗植入物和术前规划等。作者结合有关文献对3D 技术在医学教学中的应用进行了介绍。

关键词: 3D 打印, 医学, 教学

Abstract: Medical students face complex human structures and clinical diseases during busy clinical apprenticeships and internships. They have to study and observe for long time and need guidance from experienced teachers before they can gradually understand and apply their knowledge. The traditional teaching method is less effective in training clinical thinking ability and stimulating the learning interest. New teaching methods are needed to improve teaching efficiency. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is based on a virtual or computer-generated 3D model. We first layer the model, then use the 3D printer for layer methods of manufacturing items for medical students to learn complex human anatomy and tissue. The use of 3D printing technology in medical teaching provides medical students with a realistic impression of the complex human structures, and helps their study, medical implants and preoperative planning. This article focuses on the application of 3D technology in medical teaching.

Key words: three-dimensional printing, medicine, teaching

中图分类号:

G642
R4

马丽娜, 　李　耘. 3D打印技术在医学教学中的应用[J]. 医学教育管理, 2020, 6(3): 263-268.

Ma Lina, Li Yun. Application of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in medical teaching[J]. Medical Education Management, 2020, 6(3): 263-268.

参考文献 27

[1]	Gibson I，Rosen D W，Stucker B.AdditiveManufacturing Technologies:Rapid Prototypingto Direct Digital Manufacturing[M].NewYork:Springer Science+Business Media，2009.
[2]	Tuomi J，Paloheimo K S，Vehvilainen J，et al.A novel classification and online platformfor planning and documentation of medicalapplications of additive manufacturing[J].Surg Innov，2014，21(6):553-559.
[3]	Michalski M H，Ross J S.The shape of thingsto come:3D printing in medicine[J].JAMA，2014，312(21):2213-2214.
[4]	Kurenov S N，Ionita C，Sammons D，etal.Three-dimensional printing to facilitateanatomic study，device development，simulation，and planning in thoracicsurgery[J].J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg，2015，149(4):973-979.
[5]	Chae M P，Rozen W M，McMenamin PG，et al.Emerging applications of bedside 3D printingin plastic surgery[J].Front Surg，2015，2(6):25.
[6]	Youssef R F，Spradling K，Yoon R，et al.Applications of three-dimensional printingtechnology in urological practice[J].BJUInt，2015，116(5):697-702.
[7]	Lioufas P A，Quayle M R，Leong J C，et al.3Dprinted models of cleft palate pathology forsurgical education[J].Plast Reconstr SurgGlob Open，2016，4(9):e1029.
[8]	McMenamin P G，Quayle M R，McHenry C R，et al.The production of anatomical teachingresources using three-dimensional(3D)printing technology[J].Anatomical SciencesEducation，2014，7(6):479-486..
[9]	Preece D S，Williams B，Lam R，et al.Let’sget physical:advantages of a physical modelover 3D computer models and textbooks inlearning imaging anatomy[J].AnatomicalSciences Education，2013，6(4):216-224.
[10]	Lim K H，Loo Z Y，Goldie S J，et al.Use of3D printed models in medical education:arandomized control trial comparing 3Dprints versus cadaveric materials forlearning external cardiac anatomy[J].AnatSci Educ，2016，9(3):213-221.
[11]	Wright S J.Student perceptions of anupper-level，undergraduate human anatomylaboratory course without cadavers[J].AnatSci Educ，2012，5(3):146-157.
[12]	Ejaz F，Ryan J，Henriksen M，et al.Color-coded patient-specific physical modelsof congenital heart disease[J].RapidPrototyping J，2014，20(4):336-343.
[13]	Ding C，Yi X，Jiang C，et al.Developmentand validation of a multi-color model using3-dimensional printing technology forendoscopic endonasal surgical training[J].Am J Transl Res，2019，11(2):1040-1048.
[14]	Bohl M，Zhou J，Mooney M，et al.TheBarrow Biomimetic Spine:effect of a3-dimensional-printed spinal osteotomymodel on performance of spinal osteotomiesby medical students and interns[J].J SpineSurg，2019，5(1):58-65.
[15]	谢炜星，晋大祥 .3D 打印结合 CBL 在先天性脊柱侧凸教学中的运用 [J]. 中国继续医学教育，2019，11(29):60-62.
[16]	丁金勇，谭成双，徐继禧，等 .3D 打印技术联合CBL 教学法在先天性脊柱侧弯教学中的应用 [J].中国继续医学教育，2019，11(32):35-37.
[17]	叶添文，马君，赵剑佺，等 .3D 打印模型辅助 CBL教学法在骨科临床教学中的应用 . 医学研究与教育，2019，36(6):76-80.
[18]	唐梦龄，赵翔，陈坤 .3D 打印联合 PBL 教学促进骨科教学效果的系统综述 [J]. 中国医学教育技术， 2019，33(1)：75-78.
[19]	代先慧，苏丽萍 .PBL+CBL 教学模式结合 3D 打印技术在呼吸系统疾病教学中的应用 [J]. 中国病案， 2019，20(10):95-98.
[20]	张宇，胡军，孙晓萱，等 .3D 打印技术结合 TBL教学法在住院医师规范化培训阶段马蹄足畸形临床教学中的应用 [J]. 教育教学论坛，2019，11(49):170-172.
[21]	王莹 .3D 打印模型结合角色扮演教学法在骨科临床实践教学中的应用效果 [J]. 教育现代化，2019，6(88):274-275.
[22]	杜昌旺，史罗宁，王玫，等 .3D 打印联合混合现实技术在侧脑室穿刺教学中的运用研究 [J]. 中国医学教育技术，2019，33(5):603-606.
[23]	高鹏，杜悠，边焱焱，等 .3D 打印技术及 VR 技术在重度下肢畸形矫正临床教学中的应用 [J]. 中华骨与关节外科杂志，2019，12(9):712-716.
[24]	王莹，杨益民，赵为公，等 .3D 打印模型结合 SBAR沟通模式在住院医师规范化培训中的应用研究[J].中国医学教育技术，2018，32(2):178-182.
[25]	黄国秀，谭海涛 .3D 打印模型在椎间孔镜手术教学中的应用进展 [J]. 中国医学教育技术，2017，31(4)：460-464.
[26]	吴爱悯，王凯，王鉴顺，等 .3D 打印技术辅助 PBL教学法在临床医学本科生骨科疾病教学中的实践应用 [J]. 转化医学电子杂志，2017，4(5)：90-92.
[27]	Jones D.Three‐dimensional printing insnatomy education: assessing potentialethical dimensions[J].Anat Sci Educ. 2019，12(4):435-443.