Abstract: Training of postgraduates of surgery is to culture high level professionals with clinical skill and research ability. The training system of surgery postgraduates is being reformed currently, which is combined with the resident training, to explore a new way to culture the high level surgeon. The mentor and the postgraduates feel confusion and face the challenges. The new policy need to be adjusted with the carrying out the new training system. On one hand, postgraduates need to receive the training according to the new policy guidance; on the other hand, they have to spare some time to accumulate some research experience. The mentor and the postgraduates work with joint effort to develop high level professionals with clinical skill and research ability.