医学教育管理 ›› 0, Vol. ›› Issue (): 386-391.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2026.03.016

• 调查研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

护理本科“五术”培养的实践困境与反思——基于“师-生”双视角的质性研究

  

  1. 1.首都医科大学护理学院,北京100069; 2.首都医科大学宣武医院老年高干病房,北京100053
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-02 修回日期:2026-04-16 出版日期:2026-07-03 发布日期:2026-07-03

Practical dilemmas and reflections in the cultivation of "five essential competencies" for undergraduate nursing—a qualitative study based on dual perspectives of teachers and students

  1. 1. School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; 2. Geriatric and Cadre Ward, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China)
  • Received:2026-03-02 Revised:2026-04-16 Online:2026-07-03 Published:2026-07-03

摘要:

 目的 揭示护理本科生“五术”培养过程中的实践困境,为护理教育改革提供基于现实的批判性反思依据。方法 采用现象学质性研究方法,对16名护理本科生、12名高校专职教师及临床带教教师进行半结构访谈,运用Colaizzi七步分析法结合Nvivo14.0软件编码分析,提炼核心主题。结果 提炼出四大核心困境:“软素养”评价悬置、知行脱节、艺术概念泛化、理念束缚。结论 当前“五术”培养面临评价、实践、界定、管理层面的结构性困境,仅靠局部方法创新难以根本破解。本研究具象化呈现这些困境,为护理教育改革从“理想化设计”转向“现实性调适”提供了批判性视角,凸显了“困境反思”的核心价值。


关键词:

 , 护理|“五术”|人才培养困境|教育改革|质性研究

Abstract:

Objective To explore the practical dilemmas in the cultivation of the "Five Essential Competencies" for undergraduate nursing students, so as to provide evidence-based and critical insights for nursing education reform.Methods A phenomenological qualitative research approach was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 nursing undergraduates, 12 full-time university nursing faculty, and clinical instructors. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step method, supported by NVivo 14.0 software for coding and thematic extraction. Results Four core dilemmas were identified: the dilemma of evaluating intangible competencies, the disconnection between theoretical learning and clinical practice, the conceptual overgeneralization of the art of nursing, and the constraint of educational concepts. Conclusion At present, the cultivation of the "Five Essential Competencies" is confronted with structural dilemmas in the aspects of evaluation, practice, definition and management, which cannot be fundamentally solved merely by partial methodological innovations. By vividly presenting these dilemmas, this study provides a critical perspective for the transformation of nursing education reform from an "idealized design" toward a "practical adjustment", and highlights the core value of reflecting on dilemmas.