Abstract: Objective To construct the financial index evaluation system for the economic operation effect evatuation in public hospitals. Methods Through the literature research we initially established the finance index system for the evaluation of public-hospital economic operation efficiency; through the expert consultation method, we conducted the revision to the index system, using the AHP to determine the weight of each index. Results The constructed index system includes income, cost control, operating results, burden of patients, financial risk, the ability to develop 7 dimensions, 14 second-level indicators, and 17 third-level indicators. Conclusion The index system includes both the survival and development of public hospitals and the commonweal function of public hospitals. The empirical study on the index system shows that the index can better reflect public hospital economic operation efficiency.