Abstract: The attending physician responsibility system has gradually become the focus and key point in the reform of hospital management systems in China. Postgraduate education is an important means to train medical talents in our country, which is responsible for the training of high quality medical talents for our country. It is the necessity of time to rationalize the relationship between attending physician responsibility system and the postgraduate education, and to promote the development of graduate education by means of the responsibility of the primary physician. The methods for improveing surgical graduates education under the attending physician responsibility system are as follows: to increase the degree of the attending physician's emphasis on graduate education, to clarify the attending physician's responsibilities and requirements, to help graduate students to establish correct outlook on life and values, to determine the task of graduate students in various training stages, to cultivate graduate students’ dialectical clinical thinking ability, and to improve graduate students’ scientific research ability.