Abstract: Objective Along with the increasing cooperation in medical education between China and Russia, this study aims to compare and analyze the characteristics and difference of medical curricula among the medical schools in the two countries, so as to benefit the reform of medical education in China. Methods Using the methods of comparison and analysis, the study focuses on the medical curricula of China and Russia. Results In China, the number of hours of pre-medical courses is higher among all the courses, but that of clinical courses is comparatively lower. The training of students’ selfdirected learning is still insufficient. Average weekly hours are lower, but the variety of optional courses is more abundant. Conclusion The Russian medical schools have their unique characteristics in medical curricula, which can certainly benefit the medical education in China.