中美外科住院医师规范化培训标准比较研究与优化路径构建

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2026.04.011

医学教育管理 ›› 2026, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (4): 503-509.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2026.04.011

中美外科住院医师规范化培训标准比较研究与优化路径构建

首都医科大学宣武医院教育处，北京 100053

收稿日期:2026-01-05 修回日期:2026-03-04 出版日期:2026-08-20 发布日期:2026-09-01

A Comparative study on the standardization training standards for surgical residents between China and the United States and the construction of optimization pathways

Department of Education, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China

Received:2026-01-05 Revised:2026-03-04 Online:2026-08-20 Published:2026-09-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 住院医师规范化培训是连接医学院校与独立临床实践的关键阶段，其质量直接影响未来医师的专业能力。本研究采用比较研究法，基于中美外科培训标准，从培训时长、轮转体系、技能培训、评估机制、教学科研、支撑保障六大维度剖析核心差异，结合中国国情提出优化建议，构建“基础+专科”分级培训时长体系、优化轮转体系、建立结构化技能培训与模拟训练体系、完善胜任力评估与反馈体系、保障教学时间与师资能力、健全住院医师福祉保障机制。研究旨在为我国新一轮住院医师规范化培训标准修订提供决策参考，构建符合国际标准且具中国特色的培训模式，推动培训从“数量达标”向“质量卓越”转型，助力提升医疗质量与学科发展。

Abstract: Resident Standardized Training (RST) is the crucial step of professional development between medical school and autonomous clinical practice, and its quality directly impacts the professional competence of future physicians. Based on the surgical training standards of China and the United States, this paper analyzes the core differences from six dimensions: training duration, rotation system, skill training, assessment mechanism, teaching and scientific research, and supportive guarantee. Combined with China’s national context, optimization suggestions are proposed, including constructing a hierarchical "basic + specialty" training duration system, optimizing the rotation system, establishing a structured skill training and simulation training system, improving the competency-based assessment and feedback system, ensuring teaching time and faculty competence, and perfecting the welfare guarantee mechanism for residents. The research aims to provide decision-making references for the revision of China’s new round of RST standards, construct a training model that aligns with international standards and embodies Chinese characteristics, promote the transformation of training from “quantity compliance” to “quality excellence”, and contribute to enhancing medical quality and discipline development.

王亚军, 张维, 刚婷婷, 陈丽芬, 赵妍, 朱庆双, 陈超 . 中美外科住院医师规范化培训标准比较研究与优化路径构建 [J]. 医学教育管理, 2026, 12(4): 503-509.

Wang Yajun, Zhang Wei, Gang Tingting, Chen Lifen, Zhao Yan, Zhu Qingshuang, Chen Chao. A Comparative study on the standardization training standards for surgical residents between China and the United States and the construction of optimization pathways [J]. Medical Education Management, 2026, 12(4): 503-509.

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中美外科住院医师规范化培训标准比较研究与优化路径构建

A Comparative study on the standardization training standards for surgical residents between China and the United States and the construction of optimization pathways

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